Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science University of Maryland

Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA)

Global reanalysis that provides a history of the changing ocean/sea ice state at 5dy intervals since 1980

Overview

The National Science Foundation funded Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) project aims to reconstruct the historical physical, and eventually biogeochemical, history of the global ocean/sea ice system with an architecture based on community-standard codes and data-sets. The SODA project began as a research project at University of Maryland as an ocean/sea ice counterpart to, and exploiter of, the early atmospheric reanalyses.

Below are links to two versions: the ‘eddy-permitting’ SODA3 (version SODA3.15.2) and the higher resolution ‘eddy-resolving’ SODA4 (version SODA4.15.2). The two reanalyses have similar numerical architecture and constraining data sets. SODA3 is easier to work with since the file sizes are much smaller. SODA4 is suited for studies of coastal environments, ocean passages, and for any problems that need higher horizontal or vertical resolution or more realistic representation of the impact of flow instabilities.

Reanalysis Products & Access

Select a reanalysis release below to access dataset documentation, parameters, and download forms:

SODA3

Eddy-Permitting (1/4°)

Widely-cited SODA3 was carried out using multiple surface forcings. The link below leads to version SODA3.15.2 which is forced by ECMWF ERA5.

  • Time Span: 1980-2024
  • Resolution: 0.25° × 0.25° × 50 levels
  • Model Core: GFDL MOM5 / SIS1
  • Primary Forcing: ECMWF ERA5 (MERRA2, ERAI, JRA55...)
Access SODA3 Portal →

SODA4

Eddy-Resolving (1/10°)

SODA4 was carried out with enhanced 0.1° horizontal and 1m near-surface vertical resolution. The link below leads to version SODA4.15.2 which is forced by ECMWF ERA5.

  • Time Span: 1980 – 2024
  • Resolution: 0.10° × 0.10° × 75 levels
  • Model Core: GFDL MOM5 / SIS1
  • Primary Forcing: ECMWF ERA5
Access SODA4 Portal →

Publications & Citation

When using one of the SODA reanalysis datasets in publications, identify the version and cite the corresponding reference:

Carton, J. A., G. A. Chepurin, and L. Chen, 2018: SODA3: A New Ocean Climate Reanalysis. J. Climate, 31, 6967–6983, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0149.1
Chepurin, G. A., J. A. Carton, L. Sun, and S. G. Penny, 2025: SODA4: A mesoscale ocean/sea ice reanalysis 1980–2024. EGUsphere [Preprint].